quid ni的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列特價商品、必買資訊和推薦清單

探討內質網壓力相關蛋白於尼古丁所誘發口腔癌惡性行為的影響與分子機制

為了解決quid ni的問題，作者簡筑妍 這樣論述：

口腔鱗狀上皮細胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC)為口腔癌中最常見的病理組織型態，約佔全部口腔癌的90％。尼古丁為香菸中重要的成分，研究顯示，尼古丁會促進OSCC的惡性行為。許多實驗證據指出，尼古丁會誘發癌細胞中內質網壓力，其中，結合免疫球蛋白(binding immunoglobulin protein, BiP)作為內質網壓力重要的調控蛋白，被發現在OSCC細胞與組織中大量表現，並且會調控OSCC細胞增生、侵襲、轉移及抗藥性。因此，本研究欲探討BiP是否會參與在調控尼古丁所誘發的口腔癌惡性行為。實驗結果顯示，隨著處理濃度及時間的提升，尼古丁顯著地增

加OSCC細胞中BiP表現量。此外，尼古丁經由BiP促進OSCC細胞的惡性行為，包括上皮-間質轉化、細胞侵襲與爬行的能力，利用RNA干擾技術將BiP表現抑制後，尼古丁所誘發OSCC細胞的惡性行為，會明顯地受到抑制。透過腫瘤異種移植動物模式發現，抑制BiP表現後，會顯著地降低尼古丁所誘發的腫瘤生長及細胞上皮-間質轉化能力。機制上，尼古丁會透過活化Yes相關蛋白(Yes association protein, YAP)-轉錄增強區域因子(transcriptional enhanced associate domain, TEAD)轉錄複合體增加OSCC細胞中BiP表現及促進其爬行與侵襲能力。尼

古丁經由尼古丁乙醯膽鹼受器體α7亞型(α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, α7-nAChR)-Akt訊息傳導路徑抑制YAP上游抑制性的激酶-large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1)，促進YAP去磷酸化及入核。細胞核內的YAP與TEAD形成複合體，增加YAP-TEAD轉錄複合體與BiP的基因-HSPA5啟動子的交互作用及活化HSPA5啟動子之活性，進而促使OSCC細胞中BiP表現量上升。本研究顯示，尼古丁會經由YAP所調控BiP過度表現，促進口腔癌細胞生長及轉移的能力，因此，BiP有潛力作為吸菸相關之口腔癌新穎的治療標的

，以降低癌細胞轉移，並增進口腔癌患者預後。

企業社會責任, 現金持有及貿易信貸提供之關係

為了解決quid ni的問題，作者阮福怀 這樣論述：

This research aims to examine the direct effect of CSR on trade credit provision and also indirect relationship between them through cash holding as well. In the direct relationship with the trust view argues that CSR is positively related to trade credit provision because CSR is considered as a tr

ust-enhancing device then in turn to encourage trade credit. Regarding to indirect effect via cash holding, two competing views are argued. The precautionary view supports the positive relationship of CSR to trade credit provision through higher corporate cash holdings to reduce trade credit risk re

sulting from more CSR engagement. However, the substitution view of cash holdings argue that cash holdings from more CSR activities will substitute the provision of trade credit considered as the substitute of cash, thus, negative relationship is expected between CSR and provision of trade credit th

rough indirect role of cash holding. This research uses the regression analysis to examine the issue using sample of 18,649 observations of Taiwanese firms during period from 2006 to 2017. The finding found the directly positive relationship between CSR and trade credit provision but do not confirm

the indirect relationship through cash holding.