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The Biological Function of Artemisia Santolinifolia as Anticancer Agent in NSCLC.

為了解決Nuclear power genera的問題，作者UYANGA BATBOLD 這樣論述：

Chemotherapy is currently one of the main modes commonly used in NSCLC treatment. Despite of toxicity and the development of chemodrug resistance, conventional chemotherapy endures as an essential segment of lung cancer management. Consequently, exploring a new alternative treatment for cancer ther

apy is needed. The genus Artemisia is composed of over 500 species, extracts of which have been mentioned as traditional remedies for controlling various maladies. However, not much is scientifically validated about how Artemisia santolinifolia (AS) might affect cancer cell proliferation. Our projec

t aimed to discover the prospective antitumor property of A.santolinifolia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the molecular mechanisms behind it. The effects of AS alone or merged with standard chemo drugs (such as Docetaxel, DTX) on cell feasibility were evaluated using sulforhodamine B (SRB

) assay. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of AS and combination potencies of AS with DTX were assessed based on cell cytotoxicity results in two different NSCLC cell lines: A549 and H23. Results showed AS inhibited the growth of both A549 and H23 cells with IC50 of 206.6 and 213.4 µg/mL, res

pectively. The morphological observation and flow cytometry analysis showed that AS selectively induced different features of cell death in A549 and H23 cells. The phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) protein expression level, reaction oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid pe

roxidation, which are all characteristic markers of iron-dependent cell death ferroptosis, were amended by AS predominately in A549 with the most alteration rate in the co-treatment group but similar effect was not observed in H23. Accordingly, above result suggests that AS possessed a chemosensitiz

ing effect via induction of ferroptosis in A549 cells. Contrarily, AS enhanced the effect of DTX- induced caspase-3 cleavage and accumulation of apoptosis cells in flow cytometry analysis, indicating caspase-dependent apoptosis was primarily involved in AS-induced additive effect selectively in H23

cells. Further investigations identified that AS could dual-selectively target Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) regulator, which was before reported to exert opposing effects upon activation or suppression. Nonetheless, despite triggering different kinds of cell death, the synergistic effec

t of AS merged with DTX was tightly connected with coadjutant suppression of oncogenesis signaling molecule STAT3 in both cell lines, accompanied with inhibition of prosurvival protein survivin, which plays a pivotal role in the STAT3 molecular pathway.This research indicated, AS could activate DTX-

induced cancer cell apoptosis with theinvolvement of inhibition of substantial prosurvival proteins' expressions and oxidative damage in A549 as its possible mechanism of action in iron-dependent cell death, while in contrast, activation of apoptosis-linked proteins in H23 cells triggering a differe

nt type of cell death. results highlight that AS could be an adjunctive pharmacologic therapeutic alternative when combined with a standard chemo drug in the management of patients with lung cancer.

帶魚總科（真骨魚類：鯖形目）之分類、親緣關係及身體延長與偶鰭退化之間的演化相關性之研究

為了解決Nuclear power genera的問題，作者王德媃 這樣論述：

帶魚總科（Trichiuroidea）為真骨下綱（Teleostei）棘鰭類（Acanthomorpha）鯖形目（Scombriformes）之魚類，由帶魚科（Trichiuridae）和帶鰆科（Gempylidae）兩科組成，目前全球共包含26個屬及72個種。該類群為水層或底層習性之海水魚類，身體形狀呈現由梭形至皮帶狀之一系列分布。生態與漁業研究將具有資源管理與保育的重要性，其需要堅實的分類學基礎。然而，漁業的重要種類，例如：帶魚屬之物種（Trichiurus spp.），其親緣關係假說、生物分類、物種之多樣性以及型態鑑定至今仍存在著爭議。此研究使用五個核基因序列，為帶魚總科重建分子親緣關

係，解決長期存在的問題，包括帶魚總科在鯖形目此一單系群之中的親緣關係位置、帶魚總科之內的親緣關係，以及各屬是否為單系群。本研究結果支持帶魚總科和其他五個科組成一單系群（包括長鰭金眼鯛科[Caristiidae]、長鰭帶鰆科[Scombrolabracidae]、烏魴科[Bramidae]、圓鯧科[Nomeidae]和鯖科[Scombridae]）。帶鰆科之中的鱗網帶鰆屬（Lepidocybium）和單系群的帶魚科形成姊妹群。帶魚總科的大多數的屬被確認為單系群。帶魚屬則包括了沙帶魚屬而為一併系群。這些發現提供了帶魚總科未來分類更動之依據。為了檢驗物種假說並探索物種之多樣性，我使用包含了687個粒

線體COI基因序列之資料矩陣（共包含176個新序列，與511個取自公開資料庫的序列），並以此利用整合性的分類方法來進行物種界定。總共有56個假定種被界定，並揭露了多個屬之中被低估之多樣性，包括紫金魚屬(Promethichthys)、短帶鰆屬(Rexea)、無耙帶鰆屬(Nesiarchus)、隆頭帶魚屬(Tentoriceps)，以及帶魚屬。針對帶魚屬的物種，我統整物種界定的結果和深入的全魚型態檢視結果，建立有效的檢索表，以鑑定西北太平洋和熱帶印太平洋區域之中已知、已被發現的物種。此研究也利用建立的親緣關係系統，檢驗帶魚總科是否出現身體延長和附肢退化（胸鰭和腹鰭退化）之間的相關性，此著名現象曾

在陸地四足類和底棲魚類上被發現過。該現象長期被認為是適應挖掘或縫隙躲藏的演化結果，而這兩個因素都可在行水層性或底層性生活的帶魚總科上被排除。親緣關係迴歸比較分析方法（PICs, PGLS, PGLMM）顯示身體延長程度和胸鰭/腹鰭的長度之間呈現負的演化相關性。為了找到可能導致此相關性的因子，我探討了運動方式和生態可能造成的影響。