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Infectious: Pathogens and How We Fight Them

為了解決Infect的問題，作者Tregoning, John S. 這樣論述：

Dr John S. Tregoning is a scientist and researcher whose work focuses on how viruses and bacteria infect the lungs and how our immune system fights them. He is currently reader in respiratory infections at Imperial College London, where he runs a research group on infectious diseases. John has publi

shed over sixty academic papers and had a regular column in Nature during the COVID-19 pandemic. He has written articles for Times Higher Education and Science, and has been interviewed by outlets including the BBC and Sunday Telegraph. He tweets at @DrTregoning.

Infect進入發燒排行的影片

An Integrated Approach For Uncovering Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers For Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

為了解決Infect的問題，作者VAIBHAV KUMAR SUNKARIA 這樣論述：

Introduction - Lung cancer is one of primal and ubiquitous cause of cancer related fatalities in the world. Leading cause of these fatalities is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a proportion of 85%. The major subtypes of NSCLC are Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Small Cell Carcinoma (LUS

C). Early-stage surgical detection and removal of tumor offers a favorable prognosis and better survival rates. However, a major portion of 75% subjects have stage III/IV at the time of diagnosis and despite advanced major developments in oncology survival rates remain poor. Carcinogens produce wide

spread DNA methylation changes within cells. These changes are characterized by globally hyper or hypo methylated regions around CpG islands, many of these changes occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly prevalent across a tumor type.Structure - This research work took advantage of publicly avai

lable methylation profiling resources and relevant comorbidities for lung cancer patients extracted from meta-analysis of scientific review and journal available at PubMed and CNKI search which were combined systematically to explore effective DNA methylation markers for NSCLC. We also tried to iden

tify common CpG loci between Caucasian, Black and Asian racial groups for identifying ubiquitous candidate genes thoroughly. Statistical analysis and GO ontology were also conducted to explore associated novel biomarkers. These novel findings could facilitate design of accurate diagnostic panel for

practical clinical relevance.Methodology - DNA methylation profiles were extracted from TCGA for 418 LUAD and 370 LUSC tissue samples from patients compared with 32 and 42 non-malignant ones respectively. Standard pipeline was conducted to discover significant differentially methylated sites as prim

ary biomarkers. Secondary biomarkers were extracted by incorporating genes associated with comorbidities from meta-analysis of research articles. Concordant candidates were utilized for NSCLC relevant biomarker candidates. Gene ontology annotations were used to calculate gene-pair distance matrix fo

r all candidate biomarkers. Clustering algorithms were utilized to categorize candidate genes into different functional groups using the gene distance matrix. There were 35 CpG loci identified by comparing TCGA training cohort with GEO testing cohort from these functional groups, and 4 gene-based pa

nel was devised after finding highly discriminatory diagnostic panel through combinatorial validation of each functional cluster.Results – To evaluate the gene panel for NSCLC, the methylation levels of SCT(Secritin), FOXD3(Forkhead Box D3), TRIM58(Tripartite Motif Containing 58) and TAC1(Tachikinin

1) were tested. Individually each gene showed significant methylation difference between LUAD and LUSC training cohort. Combined 4-gene panel AUC, sensitivity/specificity were evaluated with 0.9596, 90.43%/100% in LUAD; 0.949, 86.95%/98.21% in LUSC TCGA training cohort; 0.94, 85.92%/97.37 in GEO 66

836; 0.91,89.17%/100% in GEO 83842 smokers; 0.948, 91.67%/100% in GEO83842 non-smokers independent testing cohort. Our study validates SCT, FOXD3, TRIM58 and TAC1 based gene panel has great potential in early recognition of NSCLC undetermined lung nodules. The findings can yield universally accurate

and robust markers facilitating early diagnosis and rapid severity examination.

Wuhan Cover-Up: How Us Health Officials Conspired with the Chinese Military to Hide the Origins of Covid-19

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為了解決Infect的問題，作者Kennedy, Robert F. 這樣論述：

＂RFK Jr. exposes the decades of lies.＂--Luc Montagnier, Nobel laureateFrom the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Publishers Weekly bestselling author of The Real Anthony Fauci comes an explosive exposé of the cover-up behind the true origins of COVID-19. ＂Gain-of-function＂ experiments

are conducted to deliberately develop highly virulent, easily transmissible coronavirus pathogens for the stated purpose of developing preemptive vaccines for animal viruses before they jump to humans. More insidious is the ＂dual use＂ nature of this research, specifically directed toward bioweapons

development. Wuhan Cover-up pulls back the curtain on how the US government increase in biosecurity spending after the 2001 terror attacks led Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, to set in motion a plan to transform the NIAID into a de facto Defe

nse Department agency. While Dr. Fauci zealously pursued gain-of-function research, concern grew among some scientists and government officials about the potential for accidental or deliberate release of weaponized viruses from labs that might trigger worldwide pandemics. A moratorium was placed on

this research, but true to form, Dr. Fauci found ways to continue unperturbed--outsourcing some of his most controversial experiments offshore to China and providing federal funding to Wuhan Institute of Virology’s (WIV’s) leading researchers for gain-of-function studies in partnership with the Chin

ese military and the Chinese Communist Party. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., whose meticulously researched and rigorously sourced analysis, leads readers on a staggering journey to learn about: the key enablers and henchmen pushing for gain-of-function researchthe profit motive behind gain-of-function resea

rchsuccessfully engineered ＂chimeric viruses＂ that can infect and kill humansthe coordinated effort to silence speculation of COVID-19’s laboratory genesisthe complicity of scientific journals to hide the origins of COVID-19the role of the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China’s biowarfare/biodefense

programthe relationships between US health, military, and intelligence bureaucracies and scientists and their Chinese counterpartsthe role of Bill Gates and Sir Jeremy Farr in helping to orchestrate China’s global cover-upWuhan Cover-up unveils a US/Chinese conspiracy of epic proportion and lethal

consequence. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is the chairman of the board and chief legal counsel for Children’s Health Defense. He is also counsel to Morgan and Morgan, a nationwide personal injury practice, and the founder of Waterkeeper Alliance. Kennedy is an esteemed author, with a long list of publish

ed books including the New York Times bestsellers, The Real Anthony Fauci and Crimes Against Nature, as well as American Values: Lessons I Learned from My Family and Thimerosal: Let the Science Speak. Mr. Kennedy was named one of Time magazine’s ＂Heroes for the Planet＂ for his success helping Riverk

eeper lead the fight to restore the Hudson River. His reputation as a resolute defender of the environment and children’s health stems from a litany of successful legal actions. He received recognition for his role in the landmark victory against Monsanto, as well as in the DuPont case that inspired

the movie Dark Waters (2019).

不對稱硫酸醣脂之區域選擇性的全合成

為了解決Infect的問題，作者曾傑仁 這樣論述：

肺結核在全球造成了許多死亡，其主要致病原為結核桿菌，根據研究顯示，在結核桿菌中分離出一種分子Sulfoglycolipid(SGLs)，這個分子在調節宿主的免疫反應中扮演了重要的角色。SGLs是由海藻糖硫酸酯鈉以及不同數量和位置的脂肪酸組成，擁有多種相似物，其生物合成及生物活性的研究進展已經超過40年，然而目前對於這種分子的化學全合成只有Sulfolipid-I (SL-I)和Sulfolipid-IV (SL-IV)被發表，因此本研究致力於合成出SL-IV以及其他未被報導的Sulfolipid-II (SL-II)、Sulfolipid-III (SL-III)相似物。本研究透過掌性佐劑控

制甲基化反應選擇性來合成Hydroxyphthioceranic acid (HPA)，避免使用不易取得的藥品或是貴重金屬試劑。另外使用本實驗室開發之1,1'-醣基化反應(glycosylation)合成擁有多種保護基的不對稱雙醣，以利在酯化反應中控制脂肪酸與雙醣耦合的位置，透過區域選擇性(regioselective)耦合反應來合成出SL-II、SL-III以及SL-IV，另外這個合成策略也能夠應用在合成SL-I，開發SGLs的全合成策略以利於研究他們的結構，以及提供樣品做生物活性的實驗，能夠對結核桿菌的致病機制有更進一步的了解。