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Energy expenditure during a resistance training exercise in the healthy population

為了解決Humen的問題，作者MUHAMMAD ADEEL 這樣論述：

Background: Energy expenditure (EE) during resistance or strength training (RT/ST) exercise produces great fitness and health benefits for humans, but limited studies have investigated EE directly during resistance exercises. EE through metabolic equivalent (MET) and oxygen consumption (VO2) estima

tion during resistance workouts in humans can be modeled by using cardiorespiratory parameters and surface electromyography (sEMG) of local muscles.Objective: To determine energy cost during three resistance workouts comprising three exercises in stage 1. And to estimate energy cost during six resis

tance workouts consisting of three different exercises from cardiorespiratory parametersand sEMG of body muscles during stage 2.Methods: During stage 1, ten participants were enrolled into two groups: an untrained (n = 5, with no weight training experience) and a trained group (n = 5, with 2 months’

weight training experience). Each participant completed three training sessions on separate days. While wearing a mask for indirect calorimetric measurements, each participant completed training sessions carried out with three dumbbell exercises: bent-over row (BOR), deadlift (DL), and lunge (Lg).

METs, EE, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP), and Borg rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. During stage 2, eleven participants were recruited into two groups; an untrained (n = 5) and a trained group (n = 6) and they compl

eted six training sessions. The three types of dumbbell exercises performed are shoulder press, deadlift, and squat. The METs, RER, HR, SBP, DBP, blood lactate (BL), RPE, and sEMG of both sidesmiddle deltoid, lumbar erector spinae, quadriceps, and hamstring were measured. The MET from cardiorespirat

ory parameters and VO2 from the sEMG root mean square (RMS) of the investigated muscles were predicted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) for repeated measure data collected during exercise and rest periods.Results: During stage 1, the total cost of energy was derived from VO2 during each

exercise. Our results presented that the METs of a single training workout were 3.3 kcal for the untrained and 3.4 kcal for the trained groups, whereas the total EE was 683~688 kcal and 779~840 kcal, respectively. The respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.010*) for the three exercises differed considera

bly, while the heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and Borg rate of perceived exertion did not reach significant levels. During the stage 2 exercise period, RER, HR, SBP, and BL for the training group [quasi-likelihood under an independence model criterion] (QIC = 187, p = 0.0001***~0

.033*) while RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE (QIC = 48, p = 0.0001***~0.002*) during the resting period for untrained group significantly estimated MET for moderate-intensity resistance training exercises. The sEMG of untrained vs. trained groups significantly computed GEE (QIC = 344, p = 0.020* vs. QIC

= 867, p = 0.018*), respectively. The predicted models for the three types of exercises for the untrained vs. trained groups were shoulder press (QIC = 129, p = 0.009* vs. QIC = 116, p = 0.001**), deadlift (QIC = 164, p = 0.003* vs. QIC = 309, p = 0.016*), and squat (QIC = 67, p = 0.009* vs. QIC = 3

65, p = 0.031*),respectively.Conclusion: The stage 1 exercise protocol of this study involved a moderate-intensity exercise of 2.4~3.9 METs. The energy cost of each training exercise was between 179~291 kcal. It is also inferred that the cardiorespiratory variables are significantly related to MET.

During stage 2, RER and HR significantly estimated MET for two groups along with SBP and BL for the training group. While during the resting period, RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE related significantly for untrained and BL for training groups respectively. The models significantly predicted for the thre

e types of exercises using the right and left middle deltoid, right and left lumbar erector spinae, left rectus femoris, and right and left biceps femoris sEMG RMS for the untrained and trained groups during moderate-intensity strength training exercises.